2 Samuel 18:9

Authorized King James Version

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And Absalom met the servants of David. And Absalom rode upon a mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak, and his head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth; and the mule that was under him went away.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּקָּרֵא֙ met H7122
וַיִּקָּרֵא֙ met
Strong's: H7122
Word #: 1 of 27
to encounter, whether accidentally or in a hostile manner
וְאַבְשָׁל֞וֹם And Absalom H53
וְאַבְשָׁל֞וֹם And Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 2 of 27
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
לִפְנֵ֖י the servants H6440
לִפְנֵ֖י the servants
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 3 of 27
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
עַבְדֵ֣י H5650
עַבְדֵ֣י
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 4 of 27
a servant
דָוִ֑ד of David H1732
דָוִ֑ד of David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 5 of 27
david, the youngest son of jesse
וְאַבְשָׁל֞וֹם And Absalom H53
וְאַבְשָׁל֞וֹם And Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 6 of 27
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
רֹכֵ֣ב rode H7392
רֹכֵ֣ב rode
Strong's: H7392
Word #: 7 of 27
to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle); causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to despatch
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 8 of 27
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד and the mule H6505
וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד and the mule
Strong's: H6505
Word #: 9 of 27
a mule (perhaps from his lonely habits)
וַיָּבֹ֣א went H935
וַיָּבֹ֣א went
Strong's: H935
Word #: 10 of 27
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד and the mule H6505
וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד and the mule
Strong's: H6505
Word #: 11 of 27
a mule (perhaps from his lonely habits)
תַּ֣חַת H8478
תַּ֣חַת
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 12 of 27
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
שׂוֹבֶךְ֩ under the thick boughs H7730
שׂוֹבֶךְ֩ under the thick boughs
Strong's: H7730
Word #: 13 of 27
a thicket, i.e., interlaced branches
בָֽאֵלָ֗ה oak H424
בָֽאֵלָ֗ה oak
Strong's: H424
Word #: 14 of 27
an oak or other strong tree
הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה of a great H1419
הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה of a great
Strong's: H1419
Word #: 15 of 27
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
וַיֶּֽחֱזַ֧ק caught hold H2388
וַיֶּֽחֱזַ֧ק caught hold
Strong's: H2388
Word #: 16 of 27
to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restra
רֹאשׁ֣וֹ and his head H7218
רֹאשׁ֣וֹ and his head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 17 of 27
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
בָֽאֵלָ֗ה oak H424
בָֽאֵלָ֗ה oak
Strong's: H424
Word #: 18 of 27
an oak or other strong tree
וַיֻּתַּן֙ and he was taken up H5414
וַיֻּתַּן֙ and he was taken up
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 19 of 27
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
בֵּ֤ין H996
בֵּ֤ין
Strong's: H996
Word #: 20 of 27
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ between the heaven H8064
הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ between the heaven
Strong's: H8064
Word #: 21 of 27
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
וּבֵ֣ין H996
וּבֵ֣ין
Strong's: H996
Word #: 22 of 27
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
הָאָ֔רֶץ and the earth H776
הָאָ֔רֶץ and the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 23 of 27
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד and the mule H6505
וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד and the mule
Strong's: H6505
Word #: 24 of 27
a mule (perhaps from his lonely habits)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 25 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
תַּחְתָּ֖יו H8478
תַּחְתָּ֖יו
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 26 of 27
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
עָבָֽר׃ that was under him went away H5674
עָבָֽר׃ that was under him went away
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 27 of 27
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

Analysis & Commentary

And Absalom met the servants of David. And Absalom rode upon a mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak, and his head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth; and the mule that was under him went away.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Death, emphasizing tragedy of rebellion. Absalom's death despite David's orders demonstrates the tragic consequences of rebellion against God's anointed. The graphic description of Absalom caught in oak branches suggests divine judgment. David's overwhelming grief ("O my son Absalom") reveals parental love even for rebellious children. Theological themes include the tragedy of rebellion, the reality that sin leads to death, parental love's persistence, and the danger of prioritizing family over kingdom responsibilities.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 18 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding tragedy of rebellion provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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